1. Properties of the material being cut

The objects of wood cutting are solid wood and wood composite materials. Solid wood can also be divided into soft wood, hard wood, and modified wood; Wooden composite materials include plywood, veneer laminated wood, patterned board, directional patterned board, large patterned board, gypsum patterned board, cement particle board, hard fiberboard, medium density fiberboard, high-density fiberboard, blockboard, plywood, etc. Some wood or wooden composite material workpieces also need to undergo single or double sided veneer decoration treatment.

Wood is a natural polymer material that grows naturally and is composed of wood fibers arranged in a certain way. One of the most significant properties of wood is anisotropy, so there is a distinction between vertical, horizontal, end cutting, and transitional cutting when cutting solid wood.

Wooden composite materials are composite materials made of wood monomers, such as veneer, shavings, or fibers, which are compounded by adhesives at a certain temperature and pressure. Their properties are determined by the properties of the wood monomers, arrangement, and adhesives. The cutting properties also differ due to their structure and the proportion and properties of additives. If the medium density fiberboard is nearly isotropic, the cutting resistance at all points of a sheet is almost equal; Due to uneven paving density and differences in the surface and internal structure of particleboard, there are significant differences in cutting resistance at various locations; Blockboard is glued by solid wood Flat noodles, and there are differences in texture directions between Flat noodles, so it shows the same and different properties with solid wood when cutting.

2. Cutting direction

When cutting solid wood, wood cutting is divided into longitudinal, transverse, end and longitudinal end cutting, longitudinal and transverse cutting, and transverse end cutting based on the direction of the blade relative to the wood fibers.

3. Tool rotation direction and feed direction

Determine the inclination direction of the cutting edge on the tool based on the rotation direction of the machine tool spindle and the direction of the wood workpiece feed

4. Tool and workpiece stability

The stability of cutting tools and workpieces during the cutting process includes several aspects. The stability of workpieces refers to the stable feeding of wood workpieces without jumping during the cutting process. The measures taken to strengthen the stability of the workpiece mainly include reducing the center of gravity of the workpiece and increasing the contact area. Therefore, for vertically installed forming milling cutters, the installation form of large diameter milling cutters on top is beneficial for improving the stability of workpiece processing, but at this point, the stability of the tool decreases. Improving tool stability not only requires the tool to have good dynamic balance, but also requires the structure, installation size, and quality of the tool to meet the requirements of stability standards. For example, the rotation frequency of the tool should be separated by a certain value from the natural frequency of the tool, and the cantilever installation size of different materials of tools should be limited.

5. Surface quality requirements for machining

The surface quality of wood workpieces includes surface roughness, geometric dimensions, and shape and position accuracy. The surface quality of milling processing is related to the geometric parameters and shape position accuracy of the milling cutter, the assembly accuracy of the milling cutter, the stability of the milling cutter, the motion accuracy and vibration of the machine tool. The ripple height of the milling surface is related to the feed rate of each tooth of the milling cutter. Therefore, reducing the feed speed, increasing the rotational speed, increasing the number of cutter teeth, and increasing the diameter of the milling cutter can all reduce the ripple height of the milling surface and improve surface quality.

Requirements for the use of woodworking tools

Improper use of woodworking tools during on-site production can easily cause component defects